Floriano Peixoto
His Excellency Floriano Peixoto | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Official portrait, 1891 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
President of Brazil | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
In office 23 November 1891 – 15 November 1894 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Vice President | None | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Preceded by | Deodoro da Fonseca | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Succeeded by | Prudente de Morais | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Vice President of Brazil | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
In office 26 February 1891 – 23 November 1891 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
President | Deodoro da Fonseca | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Preceded by | Office established | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Succeeded by | Manuel Vitorino | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Personal details | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Born | Floriano Vieira Peixoto (1839-04-30)30 April 1839 Maceió, Alagoas, Empire of Brazil | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Died | 29 June 1895(1895-06-29) (aged 56) Barra Mansa, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Political party | Independent | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Spouse | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Children | 8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Parents |
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Alma mater | Military School of Praia Vermelha | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Signature | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Nickname | "The Iron Marshal" | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Military service | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Allegiance | Empire of Brazil First Brazilian Republic | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Branch/service | Imperial Brazilian Army Brazilian Army | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Years of service | 1857-1884 1885-1891 1894-1895 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Rank | Marshal | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Commands |
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Battles/wars |
Brazilian Naval Revolt | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Floriano Vieira Peixoto (Portuguese pronunciation: [floɾiˈɐ̃nu viˈe(j)ɾɐ pe(j)ˈʃotu] 30 April 1839 – 29 June 1895), born in Ipioca (today a district of the city of Maceió in the State of Alagoas), nicknamed "The Iron Marshal",[1] was a Brazilian military and politician, a veteran of the Paraguayan War and several other conflicts, and the second president of Brazil.[2] He was the first vice president of Brazil to have succeeded the president mid-term.
Election
Floriano Peixoto was an army marshal (he was promoted to this rank in 1874) when elected vice president in February 1891, he gained notoriety throughout his life for his strong abolitionist, anti-racist, and anti-corruption stance. In November 1891, he rose to the presidency after the resignation of generalissimo Deodoro da Fonseca, the first president of Brazil. Floriano Peixoto came to the presidency in a difficult period of the new Brazilian Republic, which was in the midst of a general political and economic crisis made worse by the effects of the bursting of the Encilhamento economic bubble, but his policies successfully put an end to the successive economic crises that had plagued the country since 1889 and in a short period of time the economy stabilized and grew again. As vice president, he had also served as the President of the Senate.[3]
Presidency
His government was marked by several revolutions and immense popular support. Floriano Peixoto defeated a naval officers' rebellion against him in 1893–1894 and the Federalist Revolution in the States of Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina and Paraná, with the use of strength during the same year to maintain territorial integrity.
His government was marked by an increased centralization of power, personalismo, republicanism, patriotism, nationalism, and for the fervent criticism of monarchy, with the "Florianista" ("Florianismo") cult of personality being the first phenomenon of a favorable political expression towards a republican politician in Brazil.[4]
Legacy
He is often referred to as "The Consolidator of the Republic", "The Iron Marshal". He left the presidency on 15 November 1894.
Nossa Senhora do Desterro, the capital of the state of Santa Catarina, was renamed Florianópolis after the defeat of the federalist rebels in the city by the troops of Marshal Floriano Peixoto at the end of the Federalist Revolution.
References
- ^ "A República de Ferro". folha online (in Portuguese). Retrieved 12 July 2015.
- ^ Floriano Vieira Peixoto (in Portuguese)
- ^ "República Velha (1889 - 1930)". Senado Federal (in Portuguese).
- ^ "Florianismo | Atlas Histórico do Brasil - FGV". atlas.fgv.br (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 19 May 2018.
External links
Media related to Floriano Peixoto at Wikimedia Commons
Political offices | ||
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Preceded by Baron of Batovi | President of the Mato Grosso Province 1884–1885 | Succeeded by José Joaquim Ramos Ferreira |
Preceded by | Minister of War 1890–1891 | Succeeded by Antônio Falcão da Frota |
New office | Vice President of Brazil 1891 | Succeeded by |
Preceded by | President of Brazil 1891–1894 | Succeeded by |
Legal offices | ||
Preceded by | Minister of the Superior Military Court 1891–1895 | Succeeded by Francisco José Coelho Neto |
Preceded by | President of the Superior Military Court 1891–1893 | Succeeded by |
- v
- t
- e
(1889–1930)
- Deodoro da Fonseca (1889–1891) ¤
- Floriano Peixoto (1891–1894)
- Prudente de Morais (1894–1898)
- Campos Sales (1898–1902)
- Rodrigues Alves (1902–1906)
- Afonso Pena (1906–1909) †
- Nilo Peçanha (1909–1910)
- Hermes da Fonseca (1910–1914)
- Venceslau Brás (1914–1918)
- Rodrigues Alves (never took office)
- Delfim Moreira (1918–1919) ‡
- Epitácio Pessoa (1919–1922)
- Artur Bernardes (1922–1926)
- Washington Luís (1926–1930) ×
- Júlio Prestes (never took office)
(1930–37)
- Military Junta (Tasso Fragoso, Isaías de Noronha, Mena Barreto) (1930)
- Getúlio Vargas (1930–1937) ×
(1937–46)
- Getúlio Vargas (1937–1945) ×
- José Linhares (1945–1946)
(1946–64)
- Eurico Gaspar Dutra (1946–1951)
- Getúlio Vargas (1951–1954) †
- Café Filho (1954–1955)
- Carlos Luz (1955)
- Nereu Ramos (1955–1956)
- Juscelino Kubitschek (1956–1961)
- Jânio Quadros (1961) ¤
- Ranieri Mazzilli (1961)
- João Goulart (1961–1964) ×
(1964–85)
- Ranieri Mazzilli (1964)
- Castelo Branco (1964–1967)
- Costa e Silva (1967–1969) †
- Pedro Aleixo (posthumous)
- Military Junta (1969)
- Emílio Garrastazu Médici (1969–1974)
- Ernesto Geisel (1974–1979)
- João Figueiredo (1979–1985)
(1985–present)
- Tancredo Neves (never took office)
- José Sarney (1985–1990)
- Collor de Mello (1990–1992) ¤
- Itamar Franco (1992–1995)
- Fernando H. Cardoso (1995–2003)
- Lula da Silva (2003–2011)
- Dilma Rousseff (2011–2016) +
- Michel Temer (2016–2019)
- Jair Bolsonaro (2019–2023)
- Lula da Silva (2023–present)
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