Hou Jingru
Hou Jingru | |
---|---|
Born | (1902-10-17)17 October 1902 Yongcheng, Henan, Qing China |
Died | 25 October 1994(1994-10-25) (aged 92) Beijing, People's Republic of China |
Alma mater | Whampoa Military Academy Zhengzhou University |
Occupation(s) | Army officer, politician |
Hou Jingru (Chinese: 侯镜如; October 17, 1902 – October 25, 1994) was a Chinese army officer and politician, prominent member of the Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang. He notably served as Vice Chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, Counsellor of the State Council, member of the Central Military Commission and President of the China Association for the Promotion of Peaceful Reunification.[1][2]
Hou is famous as one of the most successful Communist spies lurking in the Nationalist Army. His greatest service to the Communists came in the Battle of Jinzhou, when, as the Nationalist general commanding the 17th Army Group (which included four armies), he deliberately delayed his arrival to Jinzhou by 11 days, leading to the envelopment and destruction of the Nationalist forces.[3]
Life
Early years
Hou Jingru was born in Yongcheng, Henan, in 1902. In 1924 he graduated from Zhengzhou University (where he studied physics and mathematics) and in 1925 from the Whampoa Military Academy.[3] He fought in the Northern Expedition and sided with the Wuhan Nationalist Government, for which he was arrested and briefly imprisoned, but was eventually released. His contacts with the Chinese Communist Party date to 1925, when he met Zhou Enlai.
Beginning in 1932, he served as chief of staff of the 30th Division of the 30th Army of the National Revolutionary Army, and then commander of the 89th Brigade of the 30th Division. In April 1935, the Nationalist Government of Chiang Kai-shek awarded Hou Jingru the rank of major general in the army, and he was given command of the 30th Division of the 30th Army of the National Revolutionary Army.
War against Japan
In 1937, the Second Sino-Japanese War broke out. Because of his outstanding performance in the Battle of Xinkou, Hou Jingru was promoted to Chief of Staff of the 91st Army . At the beginning of 1938, he was transferred to command the 21st Division and fought in the battles of Taierzhuang, Wuhan and Zaoyi. In 1943, he was promoted to commander of the 92nd Army, and awarded the rank of lieutenant general, leading his troops to participate in the Battle of West Hunan.
The Civil War
During the Chinese Civil War, Hou Jingru notably served as the commander of the Peking Garrison, from 1946 to 1948. In 1948, he was promoted to commander of the 17th Army Group. During the Battle of Jinzhou, when the defenders of Jinzhou were in desperate situation, and Chiang Kai-shek ordered the four armies under the command of Hou Jingru to immediately rush to Jinzhou, Hou Jingru deliberately slowed down and delayed 11 days before leading the troops to arrive. As a result, the Nationalists were decisively defeated in the Battle of Jinzhou.[3]
People's Republic of China
In 1949, Hou Jingru went to Hong Kong, supposedly to visit his mother who was living there, although probably he was involved in United Front work and instigating defections to the Communists among Nationalists in the city whose loyalty wavered. In July 1952, Hou returned to China and was appointed by Mao Zedong as Counsellor of the State Council and a member of the Central Military Commission. In May 1955, Hou Jingru joined the Central Committee of the Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang (RCCK), later becoming Vice Chairman of RCCK. He also served as the President of the China Association for the Promotion of Peaceful Reunification.
From March 1989 until his death five years later, he was Vice Chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.[1][2]
References
- ^ a b 何虎生, 李耀东, 向常福主编 (2003). 中华人民共和国职官志. 北京: 中国社会出版社. ISBN 9787800883934.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b 历届全国政协委员人名辞典. 北京: 中国国际广播出版社. 1996. ISBN 9787507813746.
- ^ a b c Liu Tong, Documentary of the Chinese Revolutionary War·War of Liberation·Northeast Volume. Beijing: People's Publishing House. 2007-7: 580. ISBN 978-7-01-004261-9
- v
- t
- e
(1949–1954)
(1954–1959)
(1959–1965)
- Peng Zhen
- Li Jishen
- Guo Moruo
- Shen Junru
- Huang Yanpei
Li Weihan(removed 1964)- Li Siguang
- Chen Shutong
- Tan Kah Kee
- Burhan Shahidi
- Chen Yi
- Kang Sheng
- Pagbalha Geleg Namgyai
- Ngapoi Ngawang Jigme
- He Xiangning (added 1960)
(1965–1978)
(1978–1983)
- Ulanhu
- Wei Guoqing
- Peng Chong
- Zhao Ziyang
- Guo Moruo
- Song Renqiong
- Mao Dun
- Xu Deheng
- Ouyang Qin
- Shi Liang
- Zhu Yunshan
- Kang Keqing
- Ji Fang
- Wang Shoudao
- Yang Jingren
- Zhang Chong
- Pagbalha Geleg Namgyai
- Zhou Jianren
- Zhuang Xiquan
- Hu Zi'ang
- Rong Yiren
- Tong Dizhou
- Liu Lantao (added; secretary-general)
- Lu Dingyi (added)
- Li Weihan (added)
- Hu Yuzhi (added)
- Wang Kunlun (added)
- Choekyi Gyaltsen, Panchen Erdeni (added)
- He Changgong (added)
- Xiao Ke (added)
- Cheng Zihua (added)
- Yang Xiufeng (added)
- Sha Qianli (added)
- Burhan Shahidi (added)
- Zhou Peiyuan (added)
- Qian Changzhao (added)
- Liu Fei (added)
- Dong Qiwu (added)
(1983–1988)
- Yang Jingren
- Liu Lantao
- Lu Dingyi
- Cheng Zihua
- Kang Keqing
- Ji Fang
- Zhuang Xiquan
- Pagbalha Geleg Namgyai
- Hu Zi'ang
- Wang Kunlun
- Qian Changzhao
- Dong Qiwu
- Tao Zhiyue
- Zhou Shutao
- Yang Chengwu
- Xiao Hua
- Chen Zaidao
- Lü Zhengcao
- Zhou Jianren
- Zhou Peiyuan
- Burhan Shahidi
- Miao Yuntai
- Wang Guangying
- Deng Zhaoxiang
- Fei Xiaotong
- Zhao Puchu
- Ye Shengtao
- Qu Wu
- Ba Jin
- Ma Wenrui (added)
- Mao Yisheng (added)
- Liu Jingji (added)
- Hua Luogeng (added)
- Wang Enmao (added)
- Qian Xuesen (added)
- Lei Jieqiong (added)
- Wang Feng (added)
- Qian Weichang (added)
(1988–1993)
- Wang Renzhong
- Yan Mingfu
- Fang Yi
- Gu Mu
- Yang Jingren
- Kang Keqing
- Pagbalha Geleg Namgyai
- Hu Zi'ang
- Qian Changzhao
- Zhou Peiyuan
- Miao Yuntai
- Wang Guangying
- Deng Zhaoxiang
- Zhao Puchu
- Qu Wu
- Ba Jin
- Ma Wenrui
- Liu Jingji
- Wang Enmao
- Qian Xuesen
- Qian Weichang
- Hu Sheng
- Sun Xiaocun
- Cheng Siyuan
- Lu Jiaxi
- Qian Zhengying
- Su Buqing
- Ismail Amat
- Hou Jingru (added)
- K. H. Ting (added)
- Hong Xuezhi (added)
- Ye Xuanping (added)
(1993–1998)
- Ye Xuanping
- Wu Xueqian
- Yang Rudai
- Wang Zhaoguo
- Ngapoi Ngawang Jigme
- Saifuddin Azizi
- Hong Xuezhi
- Yang Jingren
- Zhou Peiyuan
- Deng Zhaoxiang
- Zhao Puchu
- Ba Jin
- Liu Jingji
- Qian Xuesen
- Qian Weichang
- Hu Sheng
- Qian Zhengying
- Su Buqing
- Hou Jingru
- K. H. Ting
- Dong Yinchu
- Sun Fuling
- Ann Tse-kai
- Henry Fok
- Ma Man-kei
- Zhu Guangya (added)
- Wan Guoquan (added)
- He Luli (added)
(1998–2003)
- Ye Xuanping
- Yang Rudai
- Wang Zhaoguo
- Ngapoi Ngawang Jigme
- Zhao Puchu
- Ba Jin
- Qian Weichang
- Lu Jiaxi
- Ren Jianxin
- Song Jian
- Li Guixian
- Chen Junsheng
- Zhang Siqing
- Qian Zhengying
- K. H. Ting
- Sun Fuling
- Ann Tse-kai
- Henry Fok
- Ma Man-kei
- Zhu Guangya
- Wan Guoquan
- Hu Qili
- Chen Jinhua
- Zhao Nanqi
- Mao Zhiyong
- Bai Lichen
- Jing Shuping
- Luo Haocai
- Zhang Kehui
- Zhou Tienong
- Wang Wenyuan
(2003–2008)
- Wang Zhongyu
- Liao Hui
- Liu Yandong
- Ngapoi Ngawang Jigme
- Ba Jin
- Pagbalha Geleg Namgyai
- Li Guixian
- Zhang Siqing
- K. H. Ting
- Henry Fok
- Ma Man-kei
- Bai Lichen
- Luo Haocai
- Zhang Kehui
- Zhou Tienong
- Hao Jianxiu
- Chen Kuiyuan
- Ablet Abdureshit
- Xu Kuangdi
- Li Zhaozhuo
- Huang Mengfu
- Wang Xuan
- Zhang Huaixi
- Li Meng
- Tung Chee-hwa (added 2005)
- Zhang Meiying (added 2005)
- Zhang Rongming (added 2005)
(2008–2013)
- Wang Gang
- Liao Hui
- Du Qinglin
- Ngapoi Ngawang Jigme
- Pagbalha Geleg Namgyai
- Ma Man-kei
- Bai Lichen
- Chen Kuiyuan
- Ablet Abdureshit
- Li Zhaozhuo
- Huang Mengfu
- Tung Chee-hwa
- Zhang Meiying
- Zhang Rongming
- Qian Yunlu (secretary-general)
- Sun Jiazheng
- Li Jinhua
- Zheng Wantong
- Deng Pufang
- Wan Gang
- Lin Wenyi
- Li Wuwei
- Luo Fuhe
- Chen Zongxing
- Wang Zhizhen
- Edmund Ho (added 2010)
(2013–2018)
- Du Qinglin
Ling Jihua(removed 2015)- Han Qide
- Pagbalha Geleg Namgyai
- Tung Chee-hwa
- Wan Gang
- Lin Wenyi
- Luo Fuhe
- Edmund Ho
- Zhang Qingli (secretary-general)
- Li Haifeng
Su Rong(removed 2014)- Chen Yuan
- Lu Zhangong
- Zhou Xiaochuan
- Wang Jiarui
- Wang Zhengwei
- Ma Biao
- Qi Xuchun
- Chen Xiaoguang
- Ma Peihua
- Liu Xiaofeng
- Wang Qinmin
- Leung Chun-ying (added 2017)
(2018–2023)
- Zhang Qingli
- Liu Qibao
- Pagbalha Geleg Namgyai
- Tung Chee-hwa
- Wan Gang
- Edmund Ho
- Lu Zhangong
- Wang Zhengwei
- Ma Biao
- Chen Xiaoguang
- Leung Chun-ying
- Xia Baolong (secretary-general)
- Yang Chuantang
- Li Bin (secretary-general)
- Bagatur
- Wang Yongqing
- He Lifeng
- Su Hui
- Zheng Jianbang
- Gu Shengzu
- Liu Xincheng
- He Wei
- Shao Hong
- Gao Yunlong
(2023–present)
- Shi Taifeng
- Hu Chunhua
- Shen Yueyue
- Wang Yong
- Zhou Qiang
- Pagbalha Geleg Namgyai
- Edmund Ho
- Leung Chun-ying
- Bagatur
- Su Hui
- Shao Hong
- Gao Yunlong
- Chen Wu
- Mu Hong
- Xian Hui
- Wang Dongfeng (secretary-general)
- Jiang Xinzhi
- Jiang Zuojun
- He Baoxiang
- Wang Guangqian
- Qin Boyong
- Zhu Yongxin
- Yang Zhen