Marranj language
Australian Aboriginal language
Marranj | |
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Maranunggu | |
Native to | Australia |
Region | Daly River; Northern Territory, Coast along Anson Bay, southwest of Darwin |
Ethnicity | Marranunggu, Emmiyangal, Menthe |
Native speakers | 35 (2007)[1] |
Language family | Western Daly
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Dialects |
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Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | Variously:zmr – Maranungguamy – Ami (Emmi)zma – Manda (Menthe) |
Glottolog | waga1259 |
AIATSIS[2] | N215 Marranj |
ELP |
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Marranj is an Australian Aboriginal language, a dialect continuum consisting of Maranunggu (Merranunggu, Marranj Warrgat), Menhthe, and Emmi.
Phonology
Consonants
Peripheral | Laminal | Apical | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labial | Velar | Palatal | Alveolar | ||
Plosive | p | k | t̠ʲ | t | |
Nasal | m | ŋ | n̠ʲ | n | |
Rhotic | r | ɾ | |||
Lateral | l | ||||
Approximant | w | j |
- Voiceless stop sounds /p, t, t̠ʲ, k/ may also fluctuate to voiced sounds [b, d, d̠ʲ, ɡ] when in intervocalic, post-nasal and post-liquid positions.
- /t/ can also freely be realized as a fricative [θ] in word-initial positions, and when heard as [d], it can also be heard as [ð] when after /n/ and in intervocalic positions.
- Sounds /m, n/ can also occur as geminated [mː, nː]
Vowels
Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
High | i | u | |
Mid | æ | ə | |
Low | ɑ |
Phoneme | Allophones |
---|---|
/i/ | [i], [ɪ], [e], [ɛ] |
/æ/ | [æ], [ɛ] |
/ɑ/ | [ɑ], [ʌ] |
/u/ | [u], [ʊ], [o], [ɔː] |
References
- ^ Maranunggu at Ethnologue (19th ed., 2016)
Ami (Emmi) at Ethnologue (19th ed., 2016)
Manda (Menthe) at Ethnologue (19th ed., 2016) - ^ N215 Marranj at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
- Tryon, Darrell T. An introduction of Maranungku (Northern Australia). B-15, x + 121 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1970. doi:10.15144/PL-B15
External links
- Merranunggu at the Dalylanguages.org website.
- Menthe at the Dalylanguages.org website.
- Emmi at the Dalylanguages.org website.
- PARADISEC archive of open-access Emmi and Menhthe recordings
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Australian Aboriginal and Tasmanian languages
subgroups
Southeastern |
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Northern |
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Central |
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Western |
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Maningrida | |||||||
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Marran |
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Gunwinyguan proper |
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Yangmanic–Wagiman? | |||||||
Other isolates |
Central (Warrkbi) | |
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Eastern (Goulburn Island) | |
Southern |
Limilngan–Wulna? | |
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Umbugarlic |
Wagaydyic (Anson Bay) | |
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Northern Daly | |
Western Daly |
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Eastern Daly | |
Southern Daly |
Yirram | |
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Ngurlun |
Western (Nyulnyulic) | |
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Eastern (Dyukun) |
family-level groups
Western |
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Northern |
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Northeastern |
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Eastern |
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languages and
Aboriginal Englishes
Creoles |
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Pidgins | |||||
Mixed languages |
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Others |
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