René Maran
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René Maran (5 November 1887 – 9 May 1960) was a French poet and novelist, and the first black writer to win the French Prix Goncourt (in 1921).
Biography
Maran was born on the boat carrying his parents to Fort-de-France, Martinique where he lived until the age of seven. After that he went to Gabon, where his father Héménéglide Maran was in the colonial service. After attending boarding school in Bordeaux, France, he joined the French Colonial service in French Equatorial Africa. It was his experience there that was the basis for many of his novels, including Batouala: A True Black Novel, which won the Prix Goncourt.[1]
W. E. B. Du Bois applauded Maran, saying of his writings in an article which would be incorporated into the pivotal Harlem Renaissance text The New Negro, "Maran's attack on France and on the black French deputy from Senegal has gone into the courts and marks an era. Never before have Negroes criticized the work of the French in Africa."[2][3]
Since the 1920s he was active in the French anticolonialist movement and supportive of organisations like the Ligue universelle de défense de la race noire or the Comité de défense de la race noire.
Jean-Paul Sartre alluded to Maran in his preface to Frantz Fanon's The Wretched of the Earth, mocking the French establishment's complacent self-congratulation that they had "on one occasion given the Prix Goncourt to a Negro".[4] His novel Un Homme pareil aux autres is the subject of extensive analysis in the third chapter of Fanon's Black Skin, White Masks.
Tribute
On 5 November 2019 Google celebrated his 132nd birthday with a Google Doodle.[5]
Selected works
- 1909 : La Maison du Bonheur (poetry)
- 1912 : La Vie intérieure, poems 1909–1912, Paris, Ed. du Beffroi, 157 p.
- 1921 : Batouala, Prix Goncourt, Paris, Ed. Albin Michel, 169 p. BnF 308753665
- 1922 : Le Visage calme, Paris, Ed. du Monde nouveau, 87 p.
- 1924 : Le Petit Roi de Chimérie, Paris, Ed. Albin Michel, 237 p.
- 1927 : Djouma, chien de Brousse, novel, Paris, Ed. Albin Michel, 253 p.
- 1931 : Le Cœur serré, autobiographie, Paris, Ed. Albin Michel, 252 p. BnF 36566415w
- 1931 : Asepsie noire !, Paris- Laboratoire Martinet, 45 p., illustrations.
- 1934 : Le Livre de la Brousse, novel, Paris, Ed. Albin Michel, 287 p. BnF 324155542
- 1935 : Les Belles images, poems, Bordeaux, Ed. Delmas, 83 p.
- 1938 : Livingstone et l'Exploration de l'Afrique, Paris, Gallimard, collection La découverte du monde, 276 p. ISBN 9782071015084
- 1941 : Bêtes de la brousse, Paris, Ed. Albin Michel, 253 p. BnF 32415543d
- 1941 : Brazza et la Fondation de l'A.E.F, Paris, Gallimard, La découverte du monde collection, 307 p. ISBN 9782071015091
- 1943 : Les Pionniers de l'Empire (book 1), Paris, Ed. Albin Michel, 331 p.
- 1943 : Mbala, l'éléphant, Illustrations by André Collot [fr], Paris, Ed. Arc-en-Ciel, 187 p. BnF 324155600
- 1944 : Peine de cœur, Paris, S.P.L.E., Ed. Univers, 207 p.
- 1946 : Les Pionniers de l'Empire (book 2), Paris, Ed. Albin Michel, 413 p.
- 1947 : Un homme pareil aux autres, Paris, Ed. Arc-en-Ciel, 248 p. BnF 32415549g
- 1951 : Savorgnan de Brazza, Paris, Éditions du Dauphin, 246 p., ill.
- 1957 : Félix Eboué, grand commis et loyal serviteur, 1885-1944, Paris, Éditions Parisiennes.
- 1953 : Bacouya, le Cynocéphale, novel, Ed. Albin Michel, 240 p.
- 1958 : Le Livre du souvenir, BnF 32415559s
Further reading
- Cameron, Keith (1985). René Maran. Boston: Twayne Publishers. ISBN 0-8057-6604-9.
- Cook, Mercer (October 1940). "The Literary Contribution of the French West Indian". The Journal of Negro History. 25 (4): 520–530. doi:10.2307/2715140. ISSN 0022-2992. JSTOR 2715140. S2CID 149860704.
- Ojo-Ade, Femi. René Maran, the Black Frenchman: A Bio-Critical Study, Three Continents Press, Washington, 1984, 265 p.
- Peabody, Sue; Tyler Stovall, eds. (2003). The Color of Liberty: Histories of Race in France. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 0-8223-3130-6.
References
- ^ Scheifley, William H. (March 3, 1922). "The Book Table: The Goncourt Prize". The Outlook. 130. Outlook Publishing Company, Inc.: 433–434. Retrieved 2009-07-30.
- ^ Du Bois, W. E. Burghardt (April 1, 1925). "Worlds of Color". Foreign Affairs. Vol. 3, no. 3. ISSN 0015-7120. Archived from the original on October 29, 2020. Retrieved September 5, 2020.
- ^ DuBois, W. E. B. (1925). "The Negro Mind Reaches Out". In Locke, Alain LeRoy (ed.). The New Negro: An Interpretation (1927 ed.). Albert and Charles Boni. p. 385. LCCN 25025228. OCLC 639696145.
I know two black men in France. One is Candace, black West Indian deputy, an out-and-out defender of the nation and more French than the French. The other is René Maran, black Goncourt prize-man and author of "Batouala." Maran's attack on France and on the black French deputy from Senegal has gone into the courts and marks an era. Never before have Negroes criticized the work of the French in Africa.
- ^ Sartre, Jean-Paul (1961). Preface. The Wretched of the Earth. By Fanon, Frantz.
- ^ "René Maran's 132nd Birthday". Google. 5 November 2019. Archived from the original on 5 November 2019. Retrieved 7 November 2019.
External links
- Works by or about René Maran at the Internet Archive
- v
- t
- e
- 1903 John Antoine Nau
- 1904 Léon Frapié
- 1905 Claude Farrère
- 1906 Jérôme Tharaud and Jean Tharaud
- 1907 Émile Moselly
- 1908 Francis de Miomandre
- 1909 Marius-Ary Leblond
- 1910 Louis Pergaud
- 1911 Alphonse de Châteaubriant
- 1912 André Savignon
- 1913 Marc Elder
- 1914 Adrien Bertrand
- 1915 René Benjamin
- 1916 Henri Barbusse
- 1917 Henry Malherbe
- 1918 Georges Duhamel
- 1919 Marcel Proust
- 1920 Ernest Pérochon
- 1921 René Maran
- 1922 Henri Béraud
- 1923 Lucien Fabre
- 1924 Thierry Sandre
- 1925 Maurice Genevoix
- 1926 Henri Deberly
- 1927 Maurice Bedel
- 1928 Maurice Constantin-Weyer
- 1929 Marcel Arland
- 1930 Henri Fauconnier
- 1931 Jean Fayard
- 1932 Guy Mazeline
- 1933 André Malraux
- 1934 Roger Vercel
- 1935 Joseph Peyré
- 1936 Maxence Van der Meersch
- 1937 Charles Plisnier
- 1938 Henri Troyat
- 1939 Philippe Hériat
- 1940 Francis Ambrière
- 1941 Henri Pourrat
- 1942 Marc Bernard
- 1943 Marius Grout
- 1944 Elsa Triolet
- 1945 Jean-Louis Bory
- 1946 Jean-Jacques Gautier
- 1947 Jean-Louis Curtis
- 1948 Maurice Druon
- 1949 Robert Merle
- 1950 Paul Colin
- 1951 Julien Gracq
- 1952 Béatrix Beck
- 1953 Pierre Gascar
- 1954 Simone de Beauvoir
- 1955 Roger Ikor
- 1956 Romain Gary
- 1957 Roger Vailland
- 1958 Francis Walder
- 1959 André Schwarz-Bart
- 1960 Vintilă Horia
- 1961 Jean Cau
- 1962 Anna Langfus
- 1963 Armand Lanoux
- 1964 Georges Conchon
- 1965 Jacques Borel
- 1966 Edmonde Charles-Roux
- 1967 André Pieyre de Mandiargues
- 1968 Bernard Clavel
- 1969 Félicien Marceau
- 1970 Michel Tournier
- 1971 Jacques Laurent
- 1972 Jean Carrière
- 1973 Jacques Chessex
- 1974 Pascal Lainé
- 1975 Émile Ajar (Romain Gary)
- 1976 Patrick Grainville
- 1977 Didier Decoin
- 1978 Patrick Modiano
- 1979 Antonine Maillet
- 1980 Yves Navarre
- 1981 Lucien Bodard
- 1982 Dominique Fernandez
- 1983 Frédérick Tristan
- 1984 Marguerite Duras
- 1985 Yann Queffélec
- 1986 Michel Host
- 1987 Tahar Ben Jelloun
- 1988 Érik Orsenna
- 1989 Jean Vautrin
- 1990 Jean Rouaud
- 1991 Pierre Combescot
- 1992 Patrick Chamoiseau
- 1993 Amin Maalouf
- 1994 Didier Van Cauwelaert
- 1995 Andreï Makine
- 1996 Pascale Roze
- 1997 Patrick Rambaud
- 1998 Paule Constant
- 1999 Jean Echenoz
- 2000 Jean-Jacques Schuhl
- 2001 Jean-Christophe Rufin
- 2002 Pascal Quignard
- 2003 Jacques-Pierre Amette
- 2004 Laurent Gaudé
- 2005 François Weyergans
- 2006 Jonathan Littell
- 2007 Gilles Leroy
- 2008 Atiq Rahimi
- 2009 Marie NDiaye
- 2010 Michel Houellebecq
- 2011 Alexis Jenni
- 2012 Jérôme Ferrari
- 2013 Pierre Lemaitre
- 2014 Lydie Salvayre
- 2015 Mathias Énard
- 2016 Leïla Slimani
- 2017 Éric Vuillard
- 2018 Nicolas Mathieu
- 2019 Jean-Paul Dubois
- 2020 Hervé Le Tellier
- 2021 Mohamed Mbougar Sarr
- 2022 Brigitte Giraud
- 2023 Jean-Baptiste Andrea